【师】useragent工具utils分析：抓取并持久化
课程链接greedyai.com/my/course/91
讲师的公众号文章：
课程代码
抓取并持久化user-agent工具utils.py
对于爬虫工具，需要设置发起请求的user-agent，import fake-useragent可以实现，但是每次更换user-agent都要发起网络请求，并不是好办法，所以比较好的做法是：抓取文件，本地json存储备用。
怎么找到fake-useragent到哪里取数的，截图如下：
utils.py代码如下：
<p><pre> <code class="language-text">"""
这个工具的目的是把fake_useragent的user_agent下载下来，存储文件使用
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.11
"""
import requests
import json
import random
"""
json的方法中 dump,dumps,load,loads的区别
dump/load，是操作文件的
dumps/loads，是处理json和字符串直接相互转换的
作业：拿到标签并存储起来
"""
browser_info_file = "browser_info.json"
user_agent_url = "https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.11"
def write_browser_info_to_file():
my_user_agent = requests.get(user_agent_url)
with open(browser_info_file, "w") as f:
# 写进去就是JSON，方便用json.load读取
json.dump(my_user_agent.text, f)
# f.write 的写入方式，是个字符串，json.load就会有问题
# f.write(my_user_agent.text)
http://www.qianxianly.com/data/attachment/forum/20221224/1671875800818_0.png
def get_random_browser():
file = open(browser_info_file, 'r')
# <class 'str'>
agent_json = json.load(file)
# <class 'dict'>
agent_json = json.loads(agent_json)
browsers = agent_json["browsers"]
# 随机出来一个浏览器类型
i = random.randint(0, len(browsers) - 1)
if i == 0:
browser_name = "chrome"
elif i == 1:
browser_name = "opera"
elif i == 2:
browser_name = "internetexplorer"
else:
browser_name = "safari"
final_browser = browsers))]
return final_browser
if __name__ == '__main__':
write_browser_info_to_file()
print(get_random_browser())
</code></pre></p>
抓取热门文章tags并存储-toutiao_spider.py
<p><pre> <code class="language-text">import requests
import time
import json
import pandas as pd
import re
from part1.utils import get_random_browser
# 定义Http请求的headers/proxies
def get_request_url_and_headers():
user_agent = get_random_browser()
current_time = int(time.time())
# 我要到哪里去
# 头条的这个，去掉：_signature，否则抓不到数
request_url = "https://www.toutiao.com/api/pc/feed/?max_behot_time=" \
+ str(current_time) \
+ "&category=news_hot&utm_source=toutiao&widen=1&tadrequire=true&as=A1751D55DE389D7&cp" \
"=5D5E38E9CDA7BE1"
# 我怎么来，我骑着自行车来
headers = {
"user-agent": user_agent
}
# 我从哪里来，我从东土大唐而来
# 搜索引擎搜"免费IP地址"能找到可用的代理
proxies = {
"url": "http://114.235.23.172:9000"
}
return request_url, headers, proxies
# 发起Http请求，抓取网页内容，如果发生错误，重试一次
def get_response_json():
request_url, headers, proxies = get_request_url_and_headers()
response = requests.get(request_url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)
# print(response.text.encode("utf-8").decode("unicode_escape"))
response_json = json.loads(response.text)
if response_json["message"] == "error":
response_json = get_response_json()
return response_json
# 抓取头条热点新闻数据，存入json备用
def data_to_file():
data = get_response_json()["data"]
for i in range(len(data)):
data_dict = data
with open("toutiao.json", "a+") as f:
json.dump(data_dict, f, ensure_ascii=False)
f.write("\n")
df = pd.read_json("toutiao.json", lines=True)
df.to_excel("toutiao.xlsx")
# 抓取热门文章的标签，并存储备用
def get_news_tag():
df = pd.read_json("toutiao.json", lines=True)
tags_pure = []
request_url, headers, proxies = get_request_url_and_headers()
for i in range(len(df)):
news_url = "https://www.toutiao.com" + df["source_url"]
# print(news_url)
response = requests.get(news_url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)
reg = r'"name":".*?"}'
tags = re.findall(reg, response.text)
tags_pure_row = []
if len(tags) <= 0:
tags_pure.append([])
continue
for j in range(len(tags)):
tags_pure_row.append(tags.replace('"name":"', '').replace('"}', ''))
tags_pure.append(tags_pure_row)
df["tags"] = tags_pure
df.to_excel("toutiao_with_tags.xlsx")
if __name__ == '__main__':
# print(get_request_url_and_headers())
# print(get_response_html())
# data_to_file()
get_news_tag()
</code></pre></p>
实现展示
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